Preheat the oven to 425°F. Add the cherry tomatoes to a baking dish, drizzle with the olive oil, and season with salt and pepper. Roast for about 25 minutes, until soft and releasing their juices.
About 5 minutes before the tomatoes come out of the oven, heat the neutral oil in a large stockpot over medium-low heat. Add the garlic, onion, and bell pepper and cook until very soft, deeply fragrant, and reduced by about half, roughly 10 minutes.
Stir in the paprika, red pepper flakes, and tomato paste. Cook for 2 minutes, letting the tomato paste darken slightly.
Add the carrots, celery, white beans, stock, and roasted tomatoes along with their juices. Bring to a boil, then reduce to a simmer and cook for 20–25 minutes, until the vegetables are fork-tender.
Taste the stew and adjust seasoning for salt and heat before adding the fish.
Just before serving, gently add the cod to the pot and simmer lightly for about 3 minutes, until the fish is opaque and flakes easily.
Remove from heat, stir in the parsley, and serve immediately.