Preheat the oven to 375°F.
Prep the cauliflower by removing the outer leaves. Trim the bottom so it sits flat while keeping the stem and crown intact.
Place the cauliflower in a medium oven-safe skillet. Drizzle ¼ cup of the olive oil over the top, flip, and drizzle another ¼ cup over the bottom and into the crevices around the stem. Use your hands or a brush to coat evenly.
Season the cauliflower generously with kosher salt on all sides.
Pour ½ cup water into the skillet and transfer to the oven. Roast for 2 hours total.
At the halfway point, remove the skillet from the oven, drizzle the remaining ¼ cup olive oil over the cauliflower, and return to the oven.
While the cauliflower roasts, make the green goddess dressing. Add all dressing ingredients to a food processor and blend until smooth and bright green, scraping down the sides as needed.
When the cauliflower is done, carefully transfer it to a serving platter.
Add the panko and garlic powder directly to the hot skillet. Set over low heat and stir frequently, adding olive oil as needed, until the breadcrumbs are golden and crisp, about 5 minutes.
Serve the cauliflower whole or sliced into wedges. Spoon the green goddess dressing over the top and finish with garlic breadcrumbs and chives if using.